Surveying instrument



G. WEN'DLE,

Distance Instru ment.

Patented Jan. H

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE WINDLE, OF EDINBURG, VIRGINIA.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,598, dated January 11, 1859.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE VVINDLE, of Edinburg, in the county ofShenandoah and State of Virginia, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Instruments for Leveling and Ascertaining Distances;and`I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1, is aside elevation of a surveying instrument with my improvements applied toit. Fig. 2, is a vertical, longitudinal section and Eig. 3, a plan ofthe same.

Similar letters of reference in each of the several figures indicatecorresponding parts.

The nature of my invention consists in attaching the adjusting weight ofthe magnet case directly to the universal oint on which' said case turnsand swings; this arrangement greatly simplifying the instrument andadmitting of the same having the usual adjustments in the path of ahorizontal circle and also of adjusting itself at any point of itsbearing, in the path of a vertical circle, as the necessity of the casemay require.

My invention consists 2nd. In the arrangement of the pointer whichdesignates the number of degrees at which the movable frame andtelescope stand adjusted, on an adjusting screw which has the surface ofits head graduated so as to indicate minutes, and which is used inconnection with a stationary pointer and with an extension formed on thepointer which comes opposite the degrees on the magnet case. By thisarrangement any minute in a degree may readily and accurately beindicated; for example, in case it is desired to have a bearing of ,1Udegrees and minutes, all that has to be done is to first bring the scaleof the magnet case round until the pointer stands in line with saidnumber of degrees on the magnet case, then turn the minute screw headuntil 7gg minutes comes in line with the stationary pointer abovealluded to. Thus turning the screw head causes the degree pointed tomove the distance of minutes. The minutes being obtained, the frame mustbe moved unt-il the pointer comes in line With the figures whichdesignates g1g degrees when you will have obtained what you desire, towit; 16 degrees and minutes. This method of obtaining the minutes avoidsany inaccuracies and greatly facilitates the adjustment of theinstrument for very nice measurements.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

A, A, represents the standard which supports the instrument.

B, is a frame mounted on the upper end of the standard and fittedloosely round a vertical circular stem C, which projects downward fromthe index and magnet case D. Within this frame the index and magnet caseis fitted loosely, being held from falling through or in position by auniversal joint E, on which said case plays freely, and a shoulder E. Bythus arranging the magnet and index case in a frame constructed below itinstead of above it a full and unobstructed view of its glass face issecured. G, is a weight on the lower end of the stem O, of the magnetcase. This weight has a tendency to keep the stem C, perpendicular, andthe magnet case consequently is held in, or always instantly returnedto, (in case of any shook) a horizontal position.

H, is the telescope of ordinary construction, and mounted as usual abovethe magnet and index case on a horizontal axis I, which is supported bypillar blocks J, J, of the frame B.

l, 2, represent the central, horizontal and perpendicular hair wireswhich are commonly employed for simply indicating the line of level onthe staff K, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4', designate the auxiliary hair wires whichI employ in combination with the wires '1, 2, for ascertaining at thesame time and by the same telescope both the line of level and theproportional distance between the staff and the instrument.

m, represents a screw for supporting and adjusting the pointer a, of themagnet scale 0. The screw mi, has its head m, graduated so as toindicate the minutes of a degree whether it is turned to the right orleft. The screw passes through two standards 79, y), which arestationary with the movable frame B. The pointer 0, is attached to thescrew by means of a plate Q, which has two ears r, r, through which thescrew passes; said ears being screw tapped so that the plate moves backand forth independently of any lateral movement of the screw when thescrew is turned. s, is a stationary pointer and t, is an extension ofthe degree pointer. u, is a guide mark for showing when the pointer isin proper positionfor starting. The screw is to be so constructed thatby once turning it around the extent of just one degree Will betraversed.

The advantage of having the head of the screw graduated in reversedirections as indicated at o, w, is this; the bearing can be had eitherWay, that is either east or West. Vhcn the bearing is east it must beturned one Way and if West, it must be turned the other Way.

That I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. Attaching the adjusting Weight of the magnet ease directly to theuniversal joint on which said case turns and swings, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

2. The arrangement of the pointer Which GEORGE VVINDLE.

fitnesses G. Yoann AT LEE, J. R. HOPKINS.

